Inhoudsopgave:
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For two centuries (1670-1870), English, Scottish, and Canadian fur traders voyages the myriad waterways of Rupertâs Land, the vast territory charted to the Hudsonâs Bay Company and later splintered among five Canadian provinces and four American states. The knowledge and support of northern Native peoples were critical to the newcomerâs survival and success. With acquaintance and alliance came intermarriage, and the unions of European traders and Native women generated thousands of descendants. Jennifer Brownâs Strangers in Blood is the first work to look systemically at these parents and their children. Brown focuses on Hudsonâs Bay Company officers and North West Company wintering partners and clerks â those whose relationships are best known from post journals, correspondence, accounts, and wills. The durability of such families varied greatly. Settlers, missionaries, European women, and sometimes the courts challenged fur trade marraiges. Some officersâ Scottish and Canadian relatives dismissed Native wives and âIndianâ progeny as illegitimate. Trades who wooks these ties seriously were obliged to defend them, to leave wills recognizing their wives and children, and to secure their legal and scoial status â to prove that they were kin, not âstrangers in blood.â Brown illustrates that the lives and identities of these children were shaped by factors far more complex than âblood.â Sons and daughters diverged along paths affected by gender. Some descendants became Métis nationhood under Louis Riel. Other rejected or were never offered that course â they passed into white or Indian communities or, in some instances, identified themselves (without prejudice) as âhalfbreeds.â The fur trade did not coalesce into a single society. Rather, like Rupertâs Land, it splintered, and the historical consequences have been with us ever since. |
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